JSS1 Basic Science Lesson Notes and Scheme of Work for Second Term

JSS1 Basic Science Second Term Lesson Notes. Download Comprehensive Basic Science Resources for JSS1 Students & Teachers in Nigeria. Everything you need to know is here.

JSS1 Basic Science- Second Term Lesson Notes

SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK	TOPIC
1	Disease prevention: Clean water
2	Prevention of STI’s, HIV\AIDS
3	Drug Abuse/Addiction/misuse and sources of drugs
4	The earth in space
5	Description of eclipse, climate and seasons
6	Matter
7	Classification of matter
8	Plants and animals
9	Characteristics of living things
10	Activities of living things
11	Revision for the term
12	Examination

WEEK 1: Disease Prevention

DATE………………

TOPIC: Disease Prevention

CONTENT

• Water borne diseases; cholera, diarrhea, typhoid
• Sources of clean water
• Water treatment processes
• Immunization against human diseases

Sub-topic 1: Water Borne Diseases

Diseases caused by unclean (dirty) water are called water borne diseases. The following are some of the water borne diseases.

CHOLERA

It is caused by harmful bacteria that inflame the intestine and cause extreme diarrhea. Cholera is the most common diseases that can be contacted by drinking unclean water.

The symptom of cholera is frequent stooling with vomiting which lead to dehydration. Cholera can be prevented by boiling water before drinking.

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DYSENTRY

It can be caused by a one-celled animal called Amoeba or by certain bacteria.

DIARRHOEA

The symptom of diarrhea is frequent stooling which leads to dehydration, abdominal pains, bloating of the belly, feverish conditions and cramps. To prevent diarrhea, the food we eat and our drinking water should be hygienic.

TYPHOID

It is caused by bacteria called salmolena typhi. Symptoms of typhoid fever manifest within three weeks of infection.

Symptoms include feeling cold, serious headache, running stomach, constipation, enlarged liver and spleen and high fever. Typhoid fever could be prevented by boiling water before drinking, hygienic handling of food and being immunized against the diseases.

Sources of Clean Water

1. Pipe-borne water
2. Spring water
3. Rain water
4. Deep well water

Evaluation

1. Mention three borne diseases
2. List the sources of clean water

Sub-topic 2: Water Treatment Processes

FILTERATION

This is the process of removing impurities i.e. mud, soil, leaves from water. Filter paper is used in the laboratory while filter beds are used at water co-operations.

CHLORINATION

Chlorine gas is added to water to kill bacteria. It is harmless to human beings. It is also used to purify the water in swimming pools.

DISTILLATION

This is a process of obtaining pure water from impure water by using an apparatus called Lie Bib Condenser.

DESALINATION

This is the process of taking away salt from sea water.

FLOCCULATION

This is the dissolution and stirring of alum in water to make tiny solid particles suspended in water to stick together (flocculate).

Advantages of Using Pipe-borne Water

1. It is clean and colourless
2. It is odourless
3. It is tasteless
4. It is conveniently available in the home
5. It is treated to kill disease-causing living organisms
6. Suspended matter has been removed

Sub-Topic 3: IMMUNIZATION

Immunization is a method of stimulating resistance against specific diseases in the human body using microorganisms (bacteria or viruses) that have been modified or killed. It is also called vaccination or inoculation.

The system in the body that keeps disease-causing organisms from entering our body is called Immune system. Immunization of the child begins during pregnancy. The deadly diseases that require immunization are Polio, chickenpox, Pneumonia, measles, whooping cough, hepatitis, malaria, tuberculosis, cholera, tetanus diphtheria etc.

Immunization Schedule Table

NO	Type of vaccine	To prevent	Age given	No. of time given	Minimum interval between age
1	Oral polio	Polio	At birth, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks	4	4 weeks
2	Measles	Measles	9 months	1	——
3	BCG	Tuberculosis	At birth, 0-11 months	1	——
4	DPT	Diphthera, whooping cough, tetanus	6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks	3	4 weeks
5	Tetanus	Tetanus	TT1-Early pregnancy, TT2[4 weeks], TT3[6 weeks], TT4[1year], TT5[4 years]	5	4 weeks

Where to get immunization is a reputable hospital e.g government hospital around you.

Evaluation

1. Name three diseases that are caused by unclean water
2. What are anti-bodies? Explain how they work
3. List all the methods of purifying unclean water
4. What is immunization?

Reading Assignment

Read basic science made easy by F.I. Kehinde pages 48-55.

Weekend Assignment

1. List examples of diseases immunization can prevent
2. Write down the time table for various immunizations

WEEK 2: Prevention of STI’S, HIV/AIDS

Date…………………….

Topic: Prevention of STI’S, HIV/AIDS

Sub-Topic 1: Definition of STI’s HIV\AIDS

STI’S means sexually transmitted infections. These are diseases that can be contracted through sexual activities. Examples include gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, Chlamydia, Candida infections and HIV and AIDS.

HIV-AIDS

Aids is a very dangerous disease. The full meaning of AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. An aid is caused by a virus called Human Immune deficiency Virus (HIV). HIV-AIDS has no cure yet. Human body has an Immune defense system which protects our bodies against attacks from diseases. The virus (HIV) damages this Immune defense system.

When the virus is in the body; it is said to be HIV positive and that is what develops to HIV-AIDS. When this happens, the person’s body will not be able to fight any other diseases (such as fever, cough, tuberculosis, pneumonia etc) that attack person. The person will die after some time. HIV-AIDS can affect anybody no matter the age.

Safe Age for Reproduction

The safe age for reproduction is when somebody is fully matured and ready to take responsibilities. You have to answer the following questions:

1. Are you matured enough, physically, socially and emotionally?
2. Have you finished schooling?
3. Do you have a good job to take care of the family you are about to start raising up?

Evaluation

1. What are sexually transmitted diseases?
2. What is the full meaning of HIV and AIDS?
3. Examples of STI are? (3 Examples)
4. STI fully means

Sub-topic 2: Prevention of HIV\AIDS and STI’s

Signs of HIV\AIDS, how to detect it, how it can be transferred, and prevention of HIV\AIDS and STI’s.

Signs of AIDS

1. Unexpected weight loss
2. Getting tired easily
3. Fever that is lasting more than one month
4. Diarrhea which is longer than one man
5. Cold sores (wounds) all over the body
6. Swollen glands at two or more places on the body for more than three months
7. Coughing
8. Sweating profusely

How to Detect HIV

It can only be detected through blood test. It does not show in face or body, until it develops into AIDS. It can be passed from man to woman or woman to man.

Ways Through Which AIDS Can Be Transferred

1. Through sexual intercourse
2. Transfusion of unscreened blood
3. Contaminated injection needles and syringes, razor blades, knife and other sharp objects
4. Through contaminated instrument during ear piercing, circumcision and putting of tribal marks
5. Pregnant mothers to unborn babies

Prevention of STI’s, HIV-AIDS

1. Abstinence from sex when you are not married
2. Husbands and wives should be faithful to each other
3. Use sterilized clippers, needles and injections
4. Screen the blood vary well before transfusion or passing to the body of a sick person. Safe age for reproduction is full adult
5. Boys and girls should wait till time of marriage before having sex
6. Do not have boy or girl friend before marriage

Evaluation

1. What are antibodies and what are their functions?
2. What are ways of preventing STI and HIV
3. Name three diseases that are caused by contact with human waste and dirty water
4. How can you detect HIV-AIDS
5. What is the function of the body immune defense system?

Reading Assignment

STAN pages 94-95 and basic science made easy by Kehinde pages 56-59.

Weekend Assignment

Discuss the consequences of irresponsible sexual behavior among youths.

WEEK 3: Drug Abuse/Addiction/Misuse

Date……………….

Topic: Drug Abuse/Addiction/Misuse

Content

1. Meaning of Drugs
2. Uses of drug
3. Side effects of drugs
4. Drugs\ substances abuse
5. Misuse of drugs
6. Other substances abuse

Sub-Topic 1: Meaning of Drug

Drugs can be defined as any substance used to make medicine to cure disease and ailment or any substance which when introduced in to the body cures the body illness.

Examples of Drugs

1. Aspirin
2. Phensic
3. Panadol
4. Kola nut
5. Alcohol

There Are Two Types of Drugs

1. Common drugs
2. Hard hard drugs

Uses of Drugs

1. Drug can be used for medical purpose
2. It is used to reduce weight
3. It is used to reduce pain
4. It is used to reduce sleep
5. It is used as stimulant
6. It is used to cure illness

SUB-TOPIC 2: Side Effects of Drugs

When drugs are used in wrong way, they can lead to the following effects.

1. They weaken the body
2. They shorten one’s life span
3. They can damage the internal organs of the body
4. They can bring about lack of consecration
5. They damage the brain
6. They bring about irregular breathing
7. They result in economical wastage

Drugs are divided into two major ones, these are:

I- Common drugs

II- Hard drugs – e.g. Cocaine, heroine

Classification of Drugs

I. Narcotics e.g Opium

II. Sedatives and Hypnotics e.g Barbiturates

III. Tranquilizers e.g Valium, Librum

IV. Hallucinogens e.g LSD (Lysergic acid diethyamide) and Marijuana

V. Stimulants e.g Amphetamine, Cocaine

What is Drug Abuse?

Drug Abuse is the taking of medically prescribed drugs inappropriately.

SUB-TOPIC 3: How Drugs Can Be Abused

1. Taking the prescribed drugs for a purpose other than that which it was intended
2. Taking a dosage other than the recommended
3. Taking drugs to induce sleep without prescription from a qualified medical doctor
4. Taking drugs to gain confidence or boldness
5. Taking drugs to attain full sexual satisfaction without prescription
6. Sharing a prescribed drug with other people
7. Taking drugs that are not prescribed by Doctors
8. Taking of Expired drugs ignorantly

Misuse of Drugs

Some athletics use drugs in form of stimulants

It is also used as muscle builder.

It is also used to enhance one’s performances in competition.

Other Substances Abused Include

Tea, alcohol, coffee, kola nuts, tobacco, aspirin and other pain killers.

Alcohol affects the body first making you excited, then making you depressed. The other substances affect the body by causing excitement and preventing sleep.

Evaluation

1. Define drug
2. Mention some drugs you know
3. What are the uses of drug?
4. Kindly write out some side effects of drugs

Reading Assignment

Read Basic Science Made Easy by F.I. Kehinde pages 60-63. Read STAN pages 98-99.

Weekend Assignment

1. What are drugs?
2. State the medical uses of two drugs

WEEK 4: The Earth in Space

Date………………….

TOPIC: The Earth in Space

Content

1. The solar system
2. Rotation, evolution of the earth and moon

The place beyond the atmosphere which is extremely large Is called space.

Sub-Topic 1: The Solar System

The planet earth, on which we live, is moving through space all the time. It is going round the sun. In doing this it carries us all through space. The earth travels through the space but we do not realize this because the air around the earth is carried along with it. The sun together with all the bodies which revolves round it makes up the solar system. The solar system consists of the sun, nine planets, 32 moons which revolve round some of the planets, many comets and asteroids.

The Planets Are

1. Mercury
2. Venus
3. Earth
4. Mars
5. Jupiter
6. Saturn
7. Uranus
8. Neptune
9. Pluto

Evaluation

1. Define the solar system?
2. List the nine planets

Sub-topic 2: Rotation, Evolution of the Earth and Moon

Rotation of the Earth

The earth rotates about an axis through the north and south poles. As the earth rotates different parts of its surface come into the light from the sun. The area that is receiving light from the sun has day, and that which is away from the sun has night. The time it takes to rotate round its own axis is one day (24 hours).

Rotation of the Moon

The moon is a satellite of the earth and revolves round it once in about 29 days. Five phases occur during the rotation of the moon. They are as follows:

1. New moon
2. Quarter moon
3. Half moon
4. Three quarter moon
5. Full moon

Evaluation

1. Why is moon referred to as a satellite?
2. What happens during the rotation of the earth?
3. State the types of phases you can see when you observe the moon
4. In which of the planets do you live?

Weekend Assignment

1. What is space?
2. Define the term satellite

Reading Assignment

Read basic science made easy pages 98-103 and Stan pages 122,123,133.