JSS2 Second Term Computer studies Lesson Notes & Scheme of work

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Table of Contents

JSS2 Second Term Computer studies Lesson Notes

JSS2

SUBJECT: COMPUTER STUDIES

SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK TOPIC

1. Revision of first terms work

2. Programming Language: (a) Meaning of computer program (b) Computer Programming Language i. Meaning ii. Examples (Logo, BASIC, etc)

3 & 4 BASIC: (a) Basic Language: i. Meaning of BASIC ii. BASIC character set

(b) Key BASIC Statement: i. Line number ii. Remark (REM) iii. Assignment (LET, INPUT, DATA). iv. Output Statement v. Print vi. Program Terminator (END, STOP) (c) Simple BASIC Statements.

5&6 Graphic Packages 1: (a) Meaning of graphic package (b) Examples of graphic package: paint, Corel Draw, Instant Artist, Harvard graphics, Photo shops, log graphic etc (c) Features of graphic packages: Tool bar, Menu bar, Printable area, Colour Palette. etc.

7&8 Graphic packages II: The Paint: (i) The Paint Environment – identification of features of the paint environment. (ii) Paint tools and their functions

9. Graphic Packages II: (iii) Using Paint to draw and colour simple objects. (Practical work)

10. Revision

11. Examination

WEEK 1

Activity: Revision of first terms work

WEEK 2

Date: __________

Topic: Programming Language: Meaning of Computer program, computer programming language – meaning, examples

CONTENT: i. Meaning of computer program

ii. Computer programming language – meaning, example (Logo, BASIC etc)

Meaning of computer program

A set of instructions to the computer to perform a specific task written in a specific programming language is called computer program.

Meaning of programming language

A programming language is the language in which a computer programmer writes the instructions which a computer should follow in solving a given problem.

A programmer is someone who writes instructions for computer to perform a specific task. Programming is the act of writing instructions for computer to perform a specific task. A computer person that writes a set of instructions for the computer to obey is referred to as computer programmer.

The three main categories of programming languages are:

1. Machine language

2. Low level language

3. High level language

Machine Language

A language in which the computer performs the instructions immediately without any further transaction is called machine language. The machine language is the computer primary language. It is the only language that the computer understands and does not require interpretation. It is usually written in the forms of Os and Is. Machine language is referred to as the first generation programming language because it was the earliest computer programming language.

Low Level Language

Low level language is machine dependent language written in symbolic codes but human being understands it better than machine language. It must be translated to machine language before execution. They are very difficult to use and cannot be used interchangeably on different types of computer. However, they also produce the fastest programs.

High level language

High level language is the programming language written by the programmer in form of English language for better understanding. It uses symbols and words to give instructions to the computer. High level language must also be translated into machine for language execution. It is less machine dependent unlike machine language.

Sub-Topic: Types of high level language

There are five types of high level language. They are:

1. Scientific language

2. Multi-purpose language

3. Commercial language

4. Command language for operating system

5. Special purpose programming language.

Scientific Language

This is the language that is used for scientific and engineering purposes. Examples include FORTRAN – Formula Translator, BASIC – Beginner All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Codes. It combines the features of the extensive arithmetic computational ability and the ability to handle mathematical expression.

Multi-Purpose

This types of high level programming language can cope with a number of different types of application areas. Examples of multi-purpose language are Visual BASIC, C++, Java etc.

Commercial Language

This type of program was first developed by the American Government Defensive Department to create a common administrative language for internal and external use. The prominent language is COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language).

Command for Operating System

This program language is used to control the operating system. An example is DOS Commands (Disk Operating System commands.)

Special Purpose Language

This is programming language designed for a specific assignment. It is tailored towards a particular problem. E.g. Structural Query Language.

Evaluation

1. What is Computer program?

2. Who is a programmer?

3. State differences between Machine language and High level language.

Reading Assignment

Read the next week topic i.e. BASIC Programming, from ‘A hand book on computer studies, by Niyi Adekolegan. Chapter seven, page 61-71

Weekend Assignment

1. The full meaning of FORTRAN is (a) Formation of Transport

(b) Formula Translator (c) Form of Test (d) Formular Transportation

2. ______ is someone who writes instructions for computer to perform a specific task. (a) Instructor (c) Engineering (c) Programmer (d) Educator

3. _______ is the programming language written by the programmer in form of English language for better understanding. (a) High level language (b) Low level language (c) Machine language (d) Small level language

4. ______ is machine dependent language written in symbolic codes. (a) High level language (b) Low level language (c) Machine language (d) Small level language

5. _______ is only language that the computer understands and does not require interpretation. . (a) Low level language (b) High level language

WEEK 3 & 4

Date: __________

Topic: BASIC Programming: (a) BASIC Language (b) Key BASIC Statement (c) Simple BASIC

Statements.

CONTENT: (a) Basic Language: i. Meaning of BASIC ii. BASIC character set

(b) Key BASIC Statement: i. Line number ii. Remark (REM) iii. Assignment (LET, INPUT, DATA). iv. Output Statement v. Print vi. Program Terminator (END, STOP) (c) Simple BASIC Statements.

Meaning of BASIC

BASIC stands for Beginner All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. It is not only simple but also a very powerful high level programming language. It consists of statements written in English words and mathematical notation. It is written in a human understandable form. Its syntax is close to the natural way of solving some human problems.

Rules for BASIC programming

1. All expressions must be written in capital letters.

2. First character must be alphabet

3. BASIC statement or keyword must start with a line number.

4. Each line must contain only one BASIC program statement.

5. There must not be full stop at the end of a statement.

6. The start/begin statement must be the first entry in a program.

7. End/Stop statement must be the last entry in a program.

Element of BASIC

1. Character Set: This refers to any letter, number, sign or symbol and punctuation mark in any language used for representation of information. Character set are: Numbers 0 – 9, Alphabets A – Z, Special characters or symbols +, -, *, /, <, &, :, ; etc

2. Data Constants & Data Variables

i. Data Constant (or constants)

These are data that do not change during the course of computation or program execution.

ii. Data Variables (variables)

They are data that can change in constant numerals versus variable numerals.

Constant data Variables data

10 A = 1 10 Input A

20 B = 2 20 Input B

30 Sum = A + B 30 Sum = A + B

40 PRINT SUM, A, B 40 PRINT SUM, A, B

50 END 50 END

3. Reserved or Keyword:

This is also referred to as a BASIC statement. It is an instruction which has special meaning to the computer or BASIC interpreter. Examples: REM, LET, INPUT, READ, PRINT, GOTO, FOR…., NEXT etc.

Sub-Topic 2: Key BASIC Statement

i. LINE numbers

In BASIC we need a line number for each basic statement. Numbers are positive whole numbers from 1 to 99,999. A line number is always in integer form and this are done to give room for correction when necessary. It is presented in the format below:

10 ……………………..

20 ……………………..

30 ……………………..

40 …………………….. etc.

ii. REM Statement (Remark)

REM statements stand for remark. The statement allows you to add comment and explanatory notes to your program. This may as well include date and what the program is all about. Computer does not execute REM; it is just a remark that aids the programmer to remember certain thing about the program.

Examples: REM PROGRAMM TO SAY HELLO

REM TO CALCULATE AREA OF A TRIANGLE.

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